Rotary radial piston machine with fluid flow supply in substantial axial direction



1968 K. EICKMANN 3,398,698

ROTARY RADIAL PIS MAQH WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY TION IN SUBS TIAL AL DIRECFiled June 4, 1965 17 Sheets-Sheet 1 F /'g. 90 GRA INVENTOR K4 /?L ElC/(MA/VN ATTORNEYS K. EICKMANN 3,398,698 ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINEWITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY Aug. 27, 1968 IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIAL DIRECTION 17Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 4, 1965 Fig.3

90 an/:05 TURNED snow/v INVENTOR.

0 GRADE TURNED SHOW/V M VI M N Z n M o M w w A E W- 7, 1968 K. EICKMANN3,398,698

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION Filed June 4, 1965 17 Sheets-Sheet 5 KARL E/C/(MANN I A'r-rmNEfYS INVENTOR.

MANN

Aug. 27, 1968 EKZK 3,398,698

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY BSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION 17 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 4, 1965 A'TToR NEY 5 7, 1968 K.EiCKMANN 3,398,698

ROTARY RAD ON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AX FiledJune 4, 1965 17 Sheets-Sheet 5 I N VENTOR.

KARL E/CKMA/V/V A'r'rorz NE YS 7, 1968 K. EIC ANN 3,398,698

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACH WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION Filed June 4, 1965 17 Sheets-Sheet e IN VENTOR.

KAI/Pl. E/CKMA/VA/ A TTQR NE 95 BY fi w K. EICKMANN Aug. 27, 1968 ROTARYRADIAL PISTON'MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION Filed June 4, 1965 17 Sheets-Sheet 7 Fig. /3

0 a N. 9 JJ 4 0 2 W. 1 L A\ 6 Q w W W 3 7 5 24 Z w 7 w 7 I L w a 3 m l wJ x 4. A/ 2 7 8 9 ni|1$1 iuf cor/r004 PARIS 90 GRADE TUBE/VD .swowlvINVENTOR. KARL E/CKMAA/N BY 73 b &

ATTORNEYS 7, 1968 K. EICKMANN 3,398,698

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLYIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII ON Filed June 4, 1965 17' Sheets-Sheet 8 INVNTOR. KARL KMA/V/V &

ATTORNEYS Aug. 27, 1968 K. EICKMANN 3,398,698

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION Filed June 4, 1965 1.? Sheets-Sheet 9 v Fig. /5

.90 GRADE TUREND 5H0 W/V ATTORNEYS 7, 1968 K. EICKMANN 3,398,698

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION Filed June 4, 1965 17 Sheets-Sheet 10 Fig. /8

INVENTOR. KARL E/CKMA/V/V ATToR/VEYS Aug. 27, 1968 K. EICKMANN 3 ,5

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUI Low LY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTI Filed June 4, 1965 17 Sheets-Sheet 11 Fig. /9

FAQ/70 w ATTORNEYS Aug. 27, 1968 K. EICKMANN 3,393,598

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID mow SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION Filed June 4, 1965 l7 Sheets-Sheet 12 23 A 2 F/'g.2/

Fig. 22

/ INVENTOR L BY D444 1 44...;

ATTORNEYS g- 1968 K. EIcKMAN N 3,398,

WI H AL DI ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIALAXI RECTION Filed June 4, 1965 17 Sheets-Sheet 15 a m INVENTOR II/IA Q2\\\\\V KARL E/CKM/J/V/V W W Lvm ATTORNEY 5 Aug. 27, 1968 K. EICKMANN3,393,693

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION 17 Sheets-Sheet 14 Filed June 4. 1965 INVENTOR. KARLE/CKMA/V/V BY MJ Z ATTORNEYS Aug. 7, 1968 KY EICKMANN 3,398,698

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION Filed June 4, 1965 1.7 Sheets-Sheet 15 Fig. 2 7

INVENTOR KARL E/CKMA/VN BY W ATTORNEYS Aug. 27, 1968 K. EICKMANN3,398,693

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTAN'IIALAXIAL DIRECTION Filed June 4, 1965 17 Sheets-Sheet 16 r-M I fiwfizm 40I40 14a 1 F I52 2 25 m? 15/ 3 k2? 144 1/, 15a I60 f 143 225 135 I36I464, /67 J 200a m 137, 13a

INVENTOR KARL E lC/(MA/V BY Zi ATTORNEY S Aug. 27, 1968 K. EICKMANN3,398,693

ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION l7 Sheets-Sheet 17 Filed June 4, 1965 INVENTOR KARLE/C/(MA/V/V ATTORNEYS United States 3,398,698 Patented Aug. 27, 1968ROTARY RADIAL PISTON MACHINE WITH FLUID FLOW SUPPLY IN SUBSTANTIAL AXIALDIRECTION Karl Eickmann, 2420 Isshiki Hayama-machi,

Kanagawa-ken, Japan Filed June 4, 1965, Ser. No. 461,483 Claimspriority, application Switzerland, June 11, 1964, 7,664/64, 7,665/64;July 10, 1964, 9,137/64 5 Claims. (Cl. 103-161) ABSTRACT OF THEDISCLOSURE A rotary fluid-handling machine which can be operated eitheras a motor or a pump, and having a rotor provided with radial pistonsand cylinders, and wherein the working fluid passes to and from therotor through axially facing control ports provided on the rotor whichpass into alignment with matching control ports on a body which isstationary with respect to the rotor, the rotor and such stationary bodybeing disposed for limited relative movement to maintain minimumoperating clearance therebetween to reduce fluid leakage.

This invention relates to rotary radial piston machines wherein theworking fluid flow is in the axial direction, and wherein radialcylinders are provided in a revolving rotor in which pistons moveperiodically outwardly and inwardly for intaking and expelling fluidsupplied from a stationary part, containing axially facing control portswhich pass into alignment with axially facing control ports on therotor.

Such machines can operate as pumps to produce a flow of fluid or flowsof fluid, either liquid or gas, or they can be driven as motors by aflow of flows of fluid.

Such machines are therefore especially suitable for use as compressors,pumps, combustion engines, air motors, gas motors, hydraulic pumps,hydraulic motors or the like.

Where such machines are supplied with working fluid which flows into therotor from control ports of a stationary part such that the fluid flowis primarily in the axial direction, there arises the problem ofmaintaining the fluid forces on the rotor such that the rotor ports andthose on the stationary control body are pressed together for minimumoperating clearances to reduce fluid leakage.

It is therefore an important object of this invention, to provide acontrol and balance means for the axial flow of fluid to and from therotor in a rotary radial piston machine which operates in such a way,that the respective stationary and rotor control faces are pressedagainst each other with the correct force to avoid or at leastconsiderably reduce wearing, tilting, leakage and friction.

Another object of the invention is to provide one fluid containingbalancing chamber or a plurality of fluid containing balancing chamberson that axial end of the rotor, which is located oppositional respectiveto the axial end of the rotor, wherethrough the fluid passes to or fromthe working chambers.

That axial end of the rotor, wherethrough the fluid flows, is calledhereafter the control face end of the rotor and the other end of therotor will be called hereafter the opposite rotor end.

Another object of the invention is, to close said fluid containingbalancing chamber or chambers by cover means.

Another object of the invention is to provide a combined fluidcontaining balancing chamber on one axial end or on the opposite rotorend of the rotor and to close this chamber in the axial direction by anaxially movable cover means.

Still another object of the invention is to provide one combined fluidcontaining balancing chamber on one axial end of a rotor of a radialpiston machine; and to close this balancing chamber by a movable covermeans and to provide a checkvalve in a passage from respective radialcylinder chambers in the rotor to the combined fluid containingbalancing chamber.

A further object of the invention is, to provide a fluid containingbalancing chamber for each one of the radial cylinders or workingchambers in the rotor; and to provide a passage between respectiveworking chambers and the fluid containing balancing chambers and toclose each of the fluid containing balancing chambers by a moveablecover means.

A further object of the invention is to provide a thrust bearing betweenthe cover means of the fluid containing balancing chamber and astationary housing member.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a control body on oneaxial end of the rotor which is moveable to a limited extent in theaxial direction.

A further object of the invention is to thereby fasten an axiallymoveable control body on one axial end of the rotor by a ring means withengagement means therein so that the control body is prevented fromrevolving around its own axis but yet remains flexible as to movementspherically and axially.

Another object of the invention is to provide control bodies withentrance passages and exit passages on both axial ends of the rotormeans or at least one on each axial end of a radial piston fluidmachine.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plurality of flexibleand/or spherical or radial and axial or partially axial, moveablecontrol passages, control passage means or sealing means in connectionwiththe control body which passes fluid to or from a rotor of a radialpiston fluid machine.

Further objects of the invention are directed to balancing means for thecontrol bodies to achieve an almost floating control body in the axialfluid flow direction.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a control body on anaxial end of a rotor means for rotary radial fluid machines whichnarrows the internal compression losses in fluid in the working chambersin the machine; and thereby maintains a configuration of the controlbody and the rotor which narrows the dead spaces in the rotor passagesand working chambers.

. Another object of the invention is to provide a rotary radial pistonfluid machine wherein the supply of fluid passes axially to and from theworking chambers in the rotor means in such a way that the pump, motoror compressor operates as a two flow machine.

A still further object of the invention is to adopt a pair of dual flowrotors in a single rotary radial piston fluid machine to provide fourflows of equal or proportional delivery of fluid when operated as a pumpor to operate the machine as a motor.

Still another object of the invention is to provide two or more rotormeans axially arranged in tandem wherein each rotor supplies at leastone flow of fluid at equal proportional delivery.

Other objects of the invention are directed to the fastening of therotor means to a shaft means and the limited axial moveability of theseparts relative to each other.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a very simple andinexpensive rotary piston machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide a simple rotary radialpiston machine with at least one plane radially extending control faceand balancing chambers in the rotor for the axial balancing of the rotormeans wherein the balancing chambers are closed in one axial directionby a stationary control face or a casing or cover means.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a simple rotaryradial piston machine which has two radial cylinder groups and whichsupplies two separated flows of fluid, or which is driven by two flowsof fluid and wherein one cylinder group is supplied with fluid throughrotor windows in one axial direction while the other of the cylindergroups is supplied with fluid through rotor windows in the other axialdirection or wherein the two flows of fluid communicate within therotor.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a very simplerotor means for a rotary radial piston machine wherein the rotor meansfloats axially under fluid pressure, and wherein the rotor meansrevolves between stationary end plates.

A further object of the invention is to provide simple radial pistons inrotary radial fluid machines.

Another object of the invention is to provide a rotor means which ispivotable to a limited extent in a spherical way and moveable axially toa limited extent, relative to the drive shaft or driven shaft of themachine.

Still another object of the invention is to provide rotary radial pistonmachines which operate with two separated flows of fluid and whereineach flow is independent of the other, and adjustable to vary thedelivery or intake flow rate.

Still a further object of the invention is directed to the separatecontrol of the displacement adjustment device for the working spaces ofseparated actuator groups in rotary radial piston machines.

Other objects of the invention are directed to other separate controlpossibilities for the separate control of rotary radial piston machineshaving or producing separate flows of fluid and having independentdisplacement volume adjustment devices.

Other objects of the invention are directed to a combination controlmeans for controlling the delivery rate of separated flows of rotaryradial piston pumps or cornpressors in combination with flow directioncontrollers.

And still other objects of the invention are to provide rotary radialpiston machines with highest efliciency and durability, which minimizefriction between relatively moving parts and which assure that tiltingbetween relatively moving parts is prevented by flexible mounting meansand/or wherein other means are provided to improve the working abilityor efliciency of rotary radial piston fluid machines and to providesimpler manufacturing or design possibilities and features for suchmachines.

Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent fromthe following description, taken in connection with accompanyingdrawings which illustrate several embodiments of the invention.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through one embodiment of therotary radial piston machine of the invention.

FIGURE 2 is a cross sectional view through FIGURE 1 along the line IIII.

FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal sectional view through another embodimentthrough the rotary radial piston machine.

FIGURE 4 is a cross sectional view through FIGURE 3 taken along the lineIV--IV of FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 5 is a cross sectional view through FIGURE 3 taken along the lineVV.

FIGURE 6 is a cross sectional view through FIGURE 3 taken along the lineVIVI of FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 7 is a cross sectional view, taken along VII--VII of FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 8 is a cross sectional view taken along line VIIIVIII of FIGURE3.

FIGURE 9 is a cross sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of FIGURE3.

line

the

FIGURE 10 is a cross sectional view taken along line XX of FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 11 is another cross sectional view through FIGURE 3 and it istaken along the line XI-XI of the said figure.

FIGURE 12 is another cross sectional view taken along the line XII-XIIof FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 13 is a longitudinal sectional view through another embodiment ofanother rotary radial piston machine of this invention.

FIG. 13' is a longitudinal sectional view through a rotary radial pistonmachine showing a further valving embodiment providing relative movementbetween the pump rotor and pump housing.

FIG. 14 is a cross sectional view through FIGURE 13 taken along the lineXIVXIV of FIGURE 13.

FIGURE 15 is a longitudinal sectional view through still anotherembodiment of the rotary radial piston machine of this invention.

FIGURE 16 is a cross sectional view taken along the line XVIXVI ofFIGURE 15.

FIGURE 17 is a cross sectional view taken along the line XVIIXVII ofFIGURE 15.

FIGURE 18 presents a longitudinal sectional view through still anotherembodiment of the invention which illustrates another rotary radialpiston machine.

FIGURE 19 is a longitudinal sectional view through another embodiment ofa rotary radial piston machine.

FIGURE 20 is a cross sectional view through FIG- URE 19 taken along theline IIII while FIGURE 19 was a sectional View taken along the line I-Iof FIG- URE 19.

FIGURE 21 is a longitudinal sectional view through another embodiment ofthe invention taken along the line III-III of FIGURE 22.

FIGURE 22 is a cross sectional view taken along the line VIVI of FIGURE21.

FIGURE 23 is a longitudinal sectional view through still anotherembodiment of a rotary radial piston machine of this invention and it istaken along the line VV of FIGURE 24.

FIGURE 24 is a cross sectional view through FIGURE 23 taken along theline VIVI.

FIGURE 25 is a longitudinal sectional view through still anotherembodiment of the invention, which represents another type of rotaryradial piston machines and constitutes another embodiment of theinvention.

FIGURE 26 is a cross sectional view through FIG- URE 25 taken along theline IIII of FIGURE 25.

FIGURE 27 is a longitudinal sectional view through still anotherembodiment of a rotary radial piston machine of this invention.

FIGURE 28 is a longitudinal sectional view through still a furtherembodiment of the invention which represents another rotary radialpiston machine.

FIGURE 29 is a cross sectional view through FIG- URE 28 taken along theline XXIX-XXIX of FIG- URE 28.

FIGURE 30 shows a control body of the invention which is anotherembodiment of the invention and which is a part of FIGURE 28 show in aseparate illustration.

FIGURE 31 shows the control body of FIGURE 30 in another view takenalong the line XXXI-XXXI of FIGURE 30.

In the figures are such parts with the same function or which fulfillequivalent or similar functions cited by reference numerals havingsimilar end digits. This is at least the case for FIGURES l to 12. InFIGURES 3 to 12 positions which are fulfilling equivalent functions haveobtained the first digit 1 or 2 and then they are fulfilling the samefunctions or they are the same parts as in FIG- URES 1 and 2 with equalend digits.

In FIGURE 1 it can be seen that rotor 1 is rotatably borne in thebearings 8 and is able to revolve in housing 2. Within rotor 1 there area plurality of working chambers 3 provided which are substantiallyradially extending cylinders wherein the pistons 4 are moveableperiodically outward and inward when the machine operates. Thedisplacement volumes, i.e. the fluid volumes in the working chambers 3periodically increase and decrease according to the angular position ofthe rotor. The pistons 4 are provided with piston shoes 6 which areguided by the actuator means or guide means 5. The actuator means 5 areprovided in order to actuate the radial outward and inward movement ofthe piston shoes 6 relative to their respective pistons 4. The rotor 1is provided with a shaft means 7. Shaft means 7 extends out of thehousing of the machine. The actuator means 5 may also be borne inbearings 9 and it is preferred that they rotate together with rotor 1 inthe casing or housing 2. However it is also possible to make actuatormeans 5 stationary. In accordance with this invention from each workingchamber or cylinder space 3 extends a rotor passage 15 in one axialdirection through the rotor. This extension is preferably exactly axialbut can be substantially axial, for instance, it can be inclined in alimited extent. On one axial end of the rotor is a face 24 which may bea conical, spherical or radial plane and which is called the rotarycontrol face 24. It is a part of the control interface 22. The otherpart of the control interface 22 is a stationary control face 23 whichis not a part of the rotor but a part of a control member or of thehousing.

In the embodiment of FIGURE 1 the control face 24 is of a conicalconfiguration. On one axial end of rotor 1 is the control body pin whichis borne or fastened on a part of housing 2. Control body 10 has anendface which is configurated to work as a stator stationary controlface or stator control face 23. This is substantially in the same formas the rotary control face 24 but of complementary configuration so thatit is able to slide relatively to the rotary control face 24. Throughrotor 1 are provided the control port passages 11 and 12, which extendtherethrough preferably from one axial end to the other. One of thecontrol ports acts as a fluid entrance port while the other acts as anexit port. This action can be reversed. During the operation of themachine, the rotor 1 and the control body 10 are slightly pressedagainst each other so that between the stator or stationary control face23 and the rotary control faces 24 only a very small clearance remains.The stationary control face 23 and the rotary control face 24 togetherdefine the control interface 22 of the rotary radial piston machine ofthe invention and this control interface 22 acts as the fluid flowcontrol of the machine.

During each revolution of the rotor 1 every rotor passage moves onceover control port 11 and once over control port 12 of control body 10whereby fluid passes out of one of the control ports through rotorpassage 15 into the respective cylinder 3, and during the other half ofthe revolution fluid flows out from the respective cylinder 3 throughthe respective rotor passage 15 and into the other of the control ports.

Control body 10 is in this embodiment of the invention provided on itsbackward end with a spherical face which is borne on a part of housing 2or by a cover means of housing 2.

Instead of bearing the control body 10 on a part of housing 2 it wouldalso be possible to form a part of the housing 2 or of a cover meansthereof directly as a con trol body.

The bearing of control body 10 on a part of housing 2 is achieved by thespherical faces which are provided one on a part of the housing 2 andthe other on the backward end of the control body 10. During operationof the machine fluid like liquid on gas is flowing through fluid ports16 and fluid passage 13 into the control port 11 and from control port11 into the respective rotor passages 15 and therethrough into therespective working chambers or cylinders 3 when those are increasingtheir volume while during the other half of a revolution the flow offluid is reversed and is through control port 11 and fluid passage 14and fluid port 17. In the rotary control face 24, or in the stationarycontrol face 23, or in the backward face of control body 10, or on therespective cooperating face of housing 2, or in one of the faces whichare cited by reference numeral 25, recesses for containing fluid underpressure as identified by 20 and 21 or 18 and 19 are preferablyprovided. Into such recesses, which are balancing recesses 19, 18, 20and 21, fluid under pressure is passed and the forces of fluid which areacting inside of the fluid containing balancing recesses against theneighboured spaces or parts are acting contrary to other forces orcomponents so that the fluid under pressure in the balancing recesses18, 19, 20 or 21 exerts either partial or total balancing orcounterbalancing forces against other forces on the respectiveneighbouring parts. The passage of fluid into the respective balancingrecesses 18, 19, 20 or 21 may be done by communication passages or fluidpassages from the control windows or from the rotor or from other partsof the machine, and such passages are not shown in the drawing sincethey can be varied in location depending on the axial designconfiguration.

In order to obtain a high efficiency of the machine and to have minimumfluid leakage in the machine it is according to this invention desirablethat rotor 1 be under all conditions pressed against the control body 10so that the control interface 22 between the stationary control face 23and the rotary control face 24 has only a very small clearance in theorder of 0.01-0.001 mm. depending on the size of the control faces andon their relative rotary velocity.

The embodiment of FIGURE 1 can be almost perfectly obtained according tothis invention by providing 0n the opposite rotor end, a fluidcontaining balancing chamber or pressure chamber 27, which revolves withrotor 1. Fluid containing balancing chamber 27 is closed by a rotarycover means 28 which preferably extends into the balancing chamber 27and which is sealed thereagainst and which is preferably capable oflimited axial movement with respect to fluid containing balancingchamber 27. Between the cover means 28 and the Walls of the fluidcontaining balancing chamber 27 there may be a seal means 30 providedwhich is preferably of plastic or flexible material, to prevent fluidleakage from balancing chamber 27. Within the rotor means 1 there can befluid passages 99 provided. From each of the respective Working chambersor cylinders 3 fluid can pass through the respective fluid passage 99into the balancing chamber 27 Balancing chamber 27 may under certaincircumstances be stationary but in accordance with embodiment of FIG-URE 1, balancing chamber 27 is rotary and it revolves together withrotor 1 and forms a chamber within rotor 1.

Between each of the fluid passages 99 and the fluid containing balancingchamber 27 it is preferred to set a valve or a check valve or a one wayvalve means 32. This can be preferably pressed into its seats or intoits closed position by a spring means 33. If now during the rotation ofthe rotor in one or some of the cylinder chambers or working chambers 3a higher pressure than in the rotary fluid containing balancing chambers27 exists, then fluid under pressure can escape from the respectiveworking chambers 3 through the valve means 32 into the rotary fluidcontaining balancing chambers 27 and it can thereby within the rotaryfluid containing balancing chamber 23 build up a field of fluid underpressure. This field of fluid under pressure presses the rotor in anaxial direction against the stationary control face 23 and it pressesthe cover means 28 in the opposite direction away from rotor means 1.Cover means 28 is preferably borne on the thrust bearing 31 while thrustbearing 31 is preferably borne on housing 2 or cover means thereof.Therefore cover means 28 can not move away from the rotor 1 then untilit is completely borne and contained by the thrust bearing 31 and bornethereby. As already mentioned the reaction forces of fluid containingrotary balancing chamber 27

